Pneumatic discharging device for liquids.



l PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

I. W. HEYSINGER. PNEUMATIC DISCHARGING DEVICE POR LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

THE Nqams FETERs co., wAsHmnroN, n. c.

N0. 830,433. PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

l I. W. HEYSINGER. PNEUMATIG DISCHARGING DEVIGE'FOR LI QUIDS.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 2l. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

an. @za-@W Tm: Nofems PETERS co., wAsmNcraN, mc.

, UNITED STATES ISAAC W. HEYSINGER,

OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PNEUMATIC DISCHARGING DEVICE FOR LIQUIDS.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1906.

Application filed August 21, 1905. Serial No. 275.066.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beit known that I, ISAAC W. HEYSINGER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inPneumatic Discharging Devices for Liquids, of which the following is afull, clear, and complete specification, referring to the drawings whichaccompany and form a part of the same.

My invention relates to devices for discharging liquids from a jar orlike vessel through a suitable discharge-pipe leading from the interiorof said jar externally above and out from the same, in sure is appliedto the surface of said liquid in said jar by a large reciprocatingpiston, preferably tubular and open beneath, said piston reciprocatingwhen operated through any airtight collar which consti-tutes the coverof said jar, and in which said piston is sustained in an elevatedposition by means of a supporting-spring, and in which saidsupportingspring device is preferably made adjustable, so that saidpiston may be made to stand at various elevations, as desired, whereby asimple pressure upon the top of said piston will cause the same todescend Within the said jar and so by pneumatic pressure force out thecontents of said jar through said dischargepipe, the quantity ejected ateach descent of said piston varying according to the 4adjustment of saidspring device; and also in the arrangement whereby said piston may `beforced downbodily within said collar, below the top of the same, insteadof being arrested by a flange or like device around said piston 5 andalso in the employment of devices connected with the discharge-pipewhereby when the liquid contents of said j ar have been forced out saiddischarge-pipe will be'sealed against discharge of air, andin variousother details of construction related thereto, as will be morespecifically set forth in this specification.

In its general features my present invention is a modification of myinvention shown, described, and claimed in my Letters Patent No.795,771, bearing date July 25, 1905, to

which Letters Patent Irefer for exemplification of the uses andapplications thereof, though the subject-matter claimed in thisapplication is not specifically shown or described or claimed in saidLetters Patent.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a which the presvertical sectionof a pneumatic discharging device embodying my invention, taken alongthe line of suspending-lug and discharge-pipe of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a topview of Fig. 1, the discharge-pipe 50 being cross-sectionalized to showits form; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an expansible ring with acircular apron below, such as I prefer to use when making an air-tightsliding joint between the reciprocating piston and its cylindricalcollar, as shown in Fig. 1.

The numbering in all the figures is uniform.

Referring to the drawings1 is a j ar-body, which may be of glass ormetal, closed beneath and open above. As shown, it is provided aroundits upper open margin witha screw-thread, whereby the cover may beattached, if a glass jar is used. If of metal, the cover may besolderedon or otherwise secured to the ar. This joint should be made practicallyair-tight, either by soldering fast a rubber packing or closeworkmanship in the parts. The bottom of this jar is preferably providedwith an annular depression in the bottom, which enables thedischarge-pipe to practically exhaust the jar.

The screw margin of the jar is shown at 7, the annular recess at 2 2,the central raise at 5, and around the bottom is the projecting flange3, which is removed at 4, so as to enable the whole device to be hung upagainst a wall by me'ans of the perforated lug 17 18 19 and used in thatposition.

In the bottom of the j ar I show at 6 a circular ribbed depression orsocket for the reception of the lower end of the spring-rod 44 but thismay be dispensed with in ordinary constructions, as the movement of thepiston 33 will ordinarily center the rod 44 45 with sufficient accuracy.

The lcover 10 may be of vulcanite, metal, or other suitable material,and it is secured to the open top of the jar 1, so as to close the same.In Fig. 1 I show a screw 16 around the flanged periphery of this cover,whereby it is secured to the screw-threaded upper margin of the jar 1 7.From one side of this cover extends a supporting-lug 17, which isperforated witha keyhole-slot 18 19, whereby the whole device may besuspended from a nail, and the apparatus operated in this position. Thisis very convenient when used as a syringe for bedside work, or it maystand upon its flanged base 3 and be used on a table, a counter, orfloor. Through the cover 10 ICO lIO

extends the discharge-pipe 50, to which I preferably secure it by anair-tight connection, making it a permanent part of the said cover. At58 this discharge-pipe bends over the margin and downward outside, sothat liquids forced through may be delivered into suitable vesselsprovided therefor-cups, tumblers, and the like.

The bottom of the discharge-pipe 50 is perforated (see Fig. 1) at 51 toserve as a strainer. These perforations maybe omitted, if desired, ormaybe .enlarged to admit particles of any size. When used for servingthickened soups, I make the space between the bottom of the pipe and itsseat beneath wide enough to ad.

mit the said soup in bulk, which is thus carried up unstrained. Theinsertion through the cover 10 of the pipe at 53 enables this space tobe adjusted as required.

The cover 10 is provided with a large cylindrical collar, occupying, asshown in Fig. 2, one-half or more of the top of the jar. This collar 1113 rises above the cover 10, if desired, and extends down within thejar-body, as shown at 13, making a guideway for the reciprocatin@ piston30 to be employed therewit I prefer to flare out the upper margin ofthis guiding-collar at 12 12, so as to enable the piston to be easilyguided to its place therein, and also to serve as a sort of hopper orfunnel in refilling the jar, which I prefer to do while it is standingin its place by merely withdrawing the piston from the guide-collar.Within this collar 11 13 is litted to freely reciprocate the plunger orpiston 30. I prefer to make this of light material, vulcanite or thelike; but what is best and cheapest is a tube of enameled iron or steel,such as saucepans and other culinary vessels are commonly made of. Thisis forced up in the general form shown, but open at the bottom, anddrawn down to an equal diameter. The hole in the top is then punched outfor thethumbknob 36 37, and the lower end is then spun or otherwiseturned in, as shown at 32, leaving the middle open. By this inwardflange the piston 'is preserved from accidental deformation from a truecylinder, and a much lighter metal may thus be used. When the piston isalso made long enough to reach down in its descent nearly to the bottomof the jar, it will be seen that this inturned Harige will in passingthrough thickened liquids act as an agitator or stirrer and keep themstirred up, so as to prevent the thickening material from beingcollected at the bottom, so as to clog up the discharge-pipe, while thepiston is being reciprocated. I then enamel or porcelain-cover thewhole, securing it against rusting in use, while making a very elegantappearance, if enameled in white or colors. The piston is thus shown astubular, open beneath into the jar, and closed above at 33. isperforated, in which perforation is inserted The top the screw-stem 37of a thumb-knob 34. Inside this piston is an elongated tube 40, whichextends downward, as shown, its lower end closed to forman abutment forthe nut 44, but with a central hole for the passage of thespring-supported screw-stem 45 beneath. The sides of the tube 40 areslotted at the sides (see opposite 43) to admit air from the thumb-knobto the jar. This tube and thumb-knob are screwed together so as to claspthe top of the piston between and make the whole a iirm construction.The tube 40 has a cross-sectional shape, shown by the lineal divisionabove the tip of the screw-stem, such as to prevent the rotation in thetube of the loose screw-nut 44, which can thus travel up and down thetube 40 vertically, but cannot be rotated therein. Above the nut 44 andbetween `the nut and the thumb-knob above is interposed a coiled spring43, strong enough to forcibly lift the piston 30 up in the guide-collar11 13 and hold it thus raised.

The nut 44 is screw-threaded within, and the vertical rod 45 46 has itsupper portion screw-threaded, so as to be readily screwed up or down inthe nut 44, whereby the part of the rod 46 projecting downward from thebottom of the piston 32 will be shortened or lengthened. Accordingly asthis rod is adjusted up or down through the nut 44 the piston willnormally stand higher or lower above the bottom of the jar 1 2 5, andits descent will correspondingly compress a greater or less volume ofair in its descent and eject through the discharge-pipe 5() a greater orless quantity of liquid at each stroke.

To insure an even discharge of liquid at each reciprocation of thepiston under the same adjustment, I prefer, as shown, to make thecontaining vessel 1 of as large a diameter at the bottom as it is aboveand to provide a discharge-pipe 50 of so large an internal diameter aswill enable the contents of thej ar to pass with a minimum of resistanceor friction. I also carry down the collar 13 well into the body of thejar, so when the jar is nearly full of liquid it will be air-cushionedaround the collar. By these means I am enabled to discharge practicallyequal quantities of liquid at each stroke until the jar has beenentirely emptied.

To enable the adjustment of the re ulating device to be readily made, Iprovi e the bottom of the rod 46 with an enlarged head 47, whereby itcan be turned and the screw run up or down. Instead of this enlargedhead a cross-hole maybe made in the stem or other means be employed, ifdesired, to get a better hold on the stem. This rod I prefer to make ofvulcanite or aluminium, and both it and the spring should be made ofsome substance not easily affected by the liquid contents ofthe jar. Itwill be seen that this adjustment of the rod can only be made when thepiston has been entirely removed. This IOO is one of the advantageswhich I desired'to secure, as the variation is not from one stroke ofthe piston to another, but from one quality of liquid to another. Forexample, in sodawater syrups some syrups require a larger quantity for aglassful of beverage than others, and to have the adjustment tamperedwith at will from the outside would prevent any certainty as to thequantity delivered. So of soups, a single regulation will insure thateach customer gets the same quantity ofwhat he pays for, and if usedwith an automatic or nickel-in-the-slot device, for which it isespecially adapted, he cannot manipulate the adjustment to obtain morethan he pays for.

For syringes, especially when used for intestinal and gastric purposes,it is obvious that the adjustment should not be tampered with while theoperation is going on; yet, of course, it can readily be adjusted by simply removing the piston entirely from the machine. When the piston isreintroduced, the guiding-collar 11 13 will direct the piston downvertically, and the'bottom of the rod 45 46 will find its proper placeof itself.

It is obvious that the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 may be reversed orotherwise varied, the operation and the means employed remaining thesame; but I prefer to use the device arranged as shown in the figure.

To insure entrance of air into the hollow piston, the thumb-knob 34 ispierced from top to bottom with the central hole 35. In forcing down thepiston 30 31 33 the ball of the thumb or the surface of the hand restsupon the top of the knob and closes 'this aire vent, so that thecontents of the piston are compressed as it descends; but sometimes anautomatic device may be desirable, and for such purpose I insert thelittle conical valve 39, with its stem 91 extending up through the hole35, in the thumb-knob. To hold this in place, I make an enlarged socket38 at the top and bend over the end of the wire stem 92 of the valve 39to keep it from dropping out. When the piston ascends, the valve isopen. When it is forced down, the valve closes.

When used for supplying soups, it is often desirable to stir up thecontents of the jar. This can be accomplished by merely holding thethumb on top of the knob durin the ascent of the piston, when the airwil rush in backward through the discharge-pipe and bubble up throughthe contents of the jar. In my present invention I prefer making theexternal surface of the piston vertically smooth, so that its top can beforced down to any depth through the guiding-collar 11 13, its descentbeing limited only by the impingement of the top of the rod 46 againstthe under side of the cover of the piston or the bottom of thethumb-knob 41. While there is very little tendency for liquids to risebetween thepiston and collar during ythede.-

scent of the former and while the amount of air escape is small, Iprovide as an additional security the soft sleeve 21, which may bedispensed with, if desired. The guiding-collar 11 13 is internallygrooved around its internal periphery near the bottom, and the diameterbelow the groove is slightly enlarged, 15. Into this groove I spring anelastic ring, (cut apart at some point,) and from which ring depends asoft apron'or strip of rubber, rubber cloth, oiled muslin, or the like,which hangs down in loose contact with the outside of the piston 3 butwhen air-pressure is produced within by the descent of the piston thisapron is forced against the descending cylinder of the piston, and asliding air-tight joint is produced.

In the simple form in which I make it I use a coil of spring-wire 20,around which is folded a thin strip of fabric 23, extendinV downward,doubled, 21 and 24, the outer fol 24 being shorter, and a row ofstitches 22 binds the fold to the wire and leaves the i apron hangingdown in cylindrical form. Pinch the ends of the wire together and pokingthe ring down the collar it will seat itself in the groove 14 and cannotbe dislodged while the piston is in place.

It will be seen that the collar 11 13 is set to the rear of the middleofthe top of the ar toward the hanging lug 17. piston to be worked morereadily when the device is hung up on a nail, and also affords a widerspace between the margin of the collar and the inside of the jar for thedischargepipe. To afford still more space for discharge, I prefer tomake the discharge-pipe 50 oval or flat in cross-section, the narrowpart between the center and periphery of the collar and the wide partaround the circumference, as shown in Fig. 2. Of course, if desired,discharge-pipes of any desired crosssectional form may be employed.`

The purpose of the thumb-knob 34 on the piston 33 is of course only towithdraw the piston from the collar 11 13 for refilling the jar and tomake a convenient means for reinserting the piston after refilling. Ifdesired, it can be dispensed with, leaving the top of the piston flat orarched and provided or not with any suitable handle, as desired.

In Fig. 1 is shown, as attached by a screwjoint, the supplemental checkdevice 53 56,' but for syringes this can be permanently secured to thedischarge-pipe 50 58, and for other purposes, such as the supply ofsoups, Syrups, ice-water, or the like, may be dispensed with. This partof the device consists of a chamber 53, large enough to contain afloating ball 54 and keep it afloat on the surface or within the mass ofliquid being discharged. Below is a contracted neck 55. While liquidsare being forced through the discharge-pipe this floating ball 54 will sin `about on its axis in various directions; ut

This enables the IOO as the area of the ball to the area of thecontaining-chamber 53 is but small, it will not be forced down upon itsseat so as to close the passage 55 beneath; but when liquid ceases topass, the jar having been pumped out and only air is about to pass, thisball, being heavier than the air, will drop down upon its seat andinstantly close the exit and arrest the passage of air. This device isnot merely applicable to the present construction in its entirety, butmay be applied to other syringes or like structures in which theinadvertent pumping of air must be avoided.

lThe entrance-passage 56 to the chamber` 53 is also contracted, but thisis merely to prevent escape of the floating ball 54. It will not arrestthe ingress of liquids or air ordinarily, as its weight tends to keep itdown instead'of allowing it to rise and so choke the upper passage. Theessential elements are the floating ball or valve 54, (which is markedfloating in the figure) occupying a chamber of much -larger diameter anddepth, 53, while 'liquid is passing, and when the liquid has been forcedout and air is about to take its place the descent of the ball bygravity, aided by the air-current upon the contracted neck 55. From thelower end of the chamber containing the floating ball 53 54 extends theknurled neck 57, around which at lfis sprung, in the manner common torubber-tube syringes, the flexible india-rubber tube 60, which at itsfree end has applied a vuleanite or other nozzle 71, provided withdischargeholes 72, stop-knurl 73, and knurled neck 70 7 4, as is commonin such syringe attachments.

While I show and describe the floating ball and chamber devices, Figs.1, 53, 54, 55, 56, to illustrate their use in my present construction, Ido not specifically or generically claim them in'this application, butreserve the right to file a separate application therefor withoutprejudice.

While I specifically show a single form of construction in the figuresof the drawings, I do not confine myself rigidly to the combination ofall the parts brought together in Fig. 1, but omit such parts as may notbe required for certain specific purposes to which the invention isadapted, and I modify the construction of various parts to meet specialrequirements, as would be done by any skilled mechanic without theexercise of invention and without departing from the principles of myinvention, as herein shown, described, and claimed.

Having now described my invention, what I desire to claim, and secure byLetters Iatent, is

l. In combination with a jar-body adapted to receive and hold liquids, acover secured to the same, said cover having extended vertically throughthe same a collar open above and below, a reciprocating piston fitted tobe freely reciprocated in said collar, a supporting-spring locatedbeneath, and acting vertically upward against said piston, to maintainthe same in a raised position within said collar, and above the contentsof said jar, said piston adapted, whenv forced down within said collar,to produce pneumatic compression upon the contents of said jar, togetherwith a discharge-pipe leading from the contents of said jar and thenceopening externally outward from said jar, substantially as described.

2. In combination with a ar-body adapted to receive and hold liquids, acover secured to the open top of the same, said cover provided with acylindrical collar extended through the same, and opening verticallyinto said jar-body, a large pneumatic compression-piston fitted closelyto, and adapted to be freely reciprocated within said collar, saidpiston provided with an air-vent in its upper part, and avertically-operating spring beneath and within the same, said spring.

adapted by its spring-tension to impinge upon, and hold said piston in araised position within said collar, and means for increasing ordiminishing the length of lifting movement of said spring, so as tocause said piston to be normally maintained at a greater or lesselevation within said collar, and above the contents of said jar, and adischarge-pipe for the contents of said jar, said piston adapted at eachdescent thereof, to compress the air within said jar, and force thecontents thereof through said discharge-pipe, and the quantity of saidcontents regulated by the IOO variable normal elevation of said piston,substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

3. In combination with a closed jar provided with a discharge-pipeopening externally above, and leading from the bottom of the same, andan annular cover secured to said jar having a large open, guiding-collarwithin the periphery of the same, a large hollow piston, open beneath,and closed above,

and provided with an air-vent, said piston fitted to, and adapted to bevertically-reciprocated within said collar, a coiled spring eX- tendedbeneath and within said piston, a screw-threaded rod, an adjustablescrew-nut threaded upon the same, and said coiled spring impinging atone end against said nut, and by its tension adapted to raise andmaintain said piston at a fixed elevation in said collar, and above thecontents of said jar, an

abutment for said nut, said screw-threaded' rod adapted to be screwedinward or outward through said nut so as to adjustably vary the lengthbetween the free end of said rod and the nut end of said spring, and somaintain the said piston at a fixed and delinite height, varying withsaid adjustment of said rod in said nut, said piston adapted to beforced down against said spring-pressure, and when released to besuddenly arrested'in its ascent by the impngeinent of said. nut againstsaid abutment, substantially as described.

4. A regulating device for pneumatic discharging devices, consisting ofa liquid-containing vessel and a pneumatic-pressure piston operatingwithin the same, a compound rod and spring device interposed between thereciprocable pneumatic-pressure piston and a fixed part. of theliquid-containing vessel beneath, said device consisting oi acontaining-tube, a coiled extension-spring and a nut, said springabutting at one end against said nut contained within said tube, andsaid nut capable of longitudinal but not rotary movement therein, andsaid spring supported at the other end so as to force apart said jar andpiston, and an abutment at the nut end of said tube to prevent theescape of said nut therefrom, a screw-threaded rod adapted to be rotatedso as to screw the said rod to variable distances through said nut andtube, so as to lengthen or shorten the aggregate length of said rod andspring device, said piston adapted when forced down against saidspring-pressure to force out the contents of said vessel inwhole orpart, and when released, to be raised by said spring-pressure to adefinite height, according to ile distance' to which said rod has. beenscrewed through said nut, and there maintained by the upward pressure ofsaid spring, substantially as described.

5. In a pneumatic discharging device consisting of a containing-j ar, anannular cover, a reciprocable pressure-piston adapted to be reciprocatedto variable distances, a guidingcollar for the same in said annularcover, and a discharge-pipe, a spring-supported regulating device forthe movements of said piston, consisting of a tubular spring-holdingextension downward from the middle of said piston, an internallyscrew-threaded nut contained within said tube, and capable of traversingthe same longitudinally, but not to be rotated within the same, a coiledspring within said tube abutting at its upper end against said piston,and at its lower end against said nut, an inturned abutment at the lowerend of said spring-and-nut-containing tube, a long screw-threaded rodadapted to engage within said screw-threaded nut, and be screwed, by itsfree rojecting end, to variable distances through the same, the lowerree end of said rod adapted to find its iXed support upon the bottom ofsaid jar, so that the distance betweenthe spring-support of the piston,and the free end oi the rod, can be varied as described, so that saidpressurepiston, when inserted in said collar, shall be supported in araised position by the tension of said s ring, and when forced downshall still furt er compress said spring, and when released shall beraised by said spring acting upon said nut and rod, until said nutstrikes its abutment at the bottom of said tube, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a pneumatic discharging device, havmg a closed jar, an annularcover with an open collar, a discharge-pipe, and a hollow, removable,and vertically-reciprocable pneumatic-pressure piston, open beneath, andadapted to be reciprocated within said collar, an adjustablespring-regulating device to limit the reciprocation of said piston,secured to said piston, and removable from said jar therewith, saidregulating device, consisting of a tubular extension secured to saidhollow piston within the same, a coiled spring within said tubularextension, a sliding nut within the same non-rotatable therein, anabutment for said nut at the free end of said tube, a screw-threaded rodadjustable through said nut and up within said spring, and means wherebysaid rod may be rotated within said nut, when said piston has beenremoved, substantially as described.

7. In a discharging device for liquids, having a removable piston,adapted to be reciprocated within a suitable vessel, so as to producepressure upon the liquid contained therein, and a discharge-pipe for theexit thereof, a regulating device to control the eX- tent ofreciprocation of said piston consisting of a longitudinally-coiledspring, a nut, a screw-threaded rod adapted to said nut, an abutment forsaid nut and means whereby said rod may be manually adjusted at variabledistances through said nut, so as to lengthen or shorten said regulatingdevice, said means of adjustment normally contained within said vessel,and only opened to be so adjusted by the removal of said piston fromsaid vessel, substantially as, and for the purposes described.

8. In a pneumatic discharging device, having a closed jar, adischarge-pipe, an open annular cover, and a large pneumatic-pressurepiston operating vertically through said cover, having an air-vent inthe top of said pressure-piston provided with a valve adapted to beclosed by the atmospheric ressure within produced by the downwar Ymovement of said piston, and to be opened during the ascent of saidpiston by the pressure of the external air against the partial vacuumwithin produced by said ascent of said piston, substantially as shownand described.

9. A pneumatic discharging device, having a closed containing-jar, anexit dischargepipe therefrom, an annular cover for said jar, an opencollar within the periphery of said cover, and open downward into saidjar, a large, hollow and vertically-reciprocable pressureiston ada tedto be reciprocated in said co lar, one sidle of said discharging deviceprovided with a vertical suspending lug, pierced transversely so thatthe said device can be suspended Jfrom a nail in the wall, or the like,and so operated to discharge liquids IOC -from vessels by the descent ofa piston vtherefrom when so suspended, substantially l as described. 1

10. In a pneumatic discharging device, consisting of a closed containingvessel, a discharge-pi e, leading therefrom, an annular cover, wit alarge opening through the same, and into said jar, and a large hollow,and vertically reciprocable ressure piston, open beneath, and closedabove, and adapted to, and vertically reciprocable through said openingin said cover, said hollow piston constructed of light material,cylindrical externally, closed above, and having its lower free margininturned so as to form an inward flange, substantially as, and for thepurposes described.

11. In a pneumatic discharging device consisting of a containing vesselprovided with a discharge-pipe, and an annular cover, having a largeopening therein, and around said opening an elongated collar open above,and beneath into said vessel, a large hollow and vertically'-reciprocable piston, closed above and adapted to be verticallyreciprocated in said collar, the external surface of said piston smoothand plain, so that it may be forced down entirely within and beneath theupper margin of said collar, so as to increase the verticalreciprocation of said piston without increasing its normal projectionabove said jar substantially as described.

12. In a device for discharging liquids through the same, in combinationwith a containing vessel, a discharge-pipe, an annular cover secured tosaid vessel having a collar therein, open above and below, and areciprocable piston fitted to said collar, and t'o be reciprocated insaid vessel, and in the liquid contained therein, a transverse flangeupon said piston adapted to agitate and stir up said liquid,substantially as described.

13. In a pneumatic discharging device, the combination of a closedcontaining vessel, and discharging-pipe, leading from the bottomthereof, upwardly and externally, an air-tight annular cover for saidvessel, having a large open collar therein, leading down into saidvessel, a reciprocable piston adapted to be vertically reciprocatedtherein to produce atmospheric compression upon the contents thereof, aknob secured to the top of said piston, and having a small air-ventleading down through said cover, and into said vessel, said air-ventprovided with a valve adapted to be closed by the downward and opened bythe upward reciprocation of said piston in said collar, substantially asdescribed.

14. In a pneumatic discharging device,a closed containing-jar, having anexternallyopening discharge-pipe, and an annular airtight cover, a largecylindrical collar in said cover, open above and beneath, a large hollowreciprocable piston adapted to be reciprocated vertically through saidcollar, and produce pressure in said jar, a spring-regulating deviceconstructed to operate between said piston, and the bottom of said jar,and consisting of a longitudinally-coiled spring, a screw-threaded rodadapted to pass through said coiled spring, a nut in which said rod isrotatable, means for preventing the rotation of said nut, an abutmentfor said nut to limit the throw of said spring, said piston providedwith a small air-vent in its top, and an externally-closing valve openedor 'closed by the passage of ail` through said vent, substantially asdescribed.

15. In a pneumatic discharging, device consisting of a containing vesselprovided with a discharge-pipe, and an air-tight annular cover, an opencollar in said cover, extending vertically downward into said vessel,and provided with an internal groove around the circumference of saidcollar near its lower margin,-in combination with an annular apron ofsoft material, and a ring contained in said groove, said apron havingits free margin hanging down within said` vessel, and below said collartogether with a large vertically-reciprocable piston adapted tobeieciprocated through said collar in contact with said annular apron, thewhole constructed to operate substantially as, and for the purposesherein set forth.

16. In. combination with the annular cover provided with cylindricalcollar, and reciprocable piston operating therein, in a dischargingdevice substantially described, said collar provided around its innersurface, and near its lower margin, with an annular groove, a flexibleannular apron device, consisting of a IOO s ring-rinOr ada ted to saidGroove and a C D D 7 downwardly-hanging annular apron supported and heldin place by said ring, in contact with the external surface of saidpiston, substantially as described.

17. In a pneumatic discharging device, a containing vessel withdischarge-pipe, and an annular cover secured to said jar, and a largeopening in said annular cover leading down into said jar, together witha reciprocable piston therein, said discharge-pipe extended upwardthrough said annular cover, and narrowed in cross-section between saidopening for said piston and the periphery of said annular cover, andsaid opening for said piston located eccentrically to the periphery ofsaid cover, and in rear of said discharge-pipe substantially as, and forthe purposes set forth.

18. In a pneumatic discharging device, having a liquid-containingvessel, an annular cover, secured thereto, and provided with a largeopen guiding-collar therein, and a large reciprocable piston adapted tooperate through said collar, in combination with an adjustableregulating device adapted to regulate the extent of reciprocation ofsaid piston, and a coiled spring adapted to support IIO ISO

said piston in a normally raised position, a substantially as, and forthe p'irpe's herein discharge-pipe leading from said containing setforth. vessel, relatively of large caliber to diminish ISAAC W HEYSIGERfriction, said containing vessel having its di- 5 ameter below as largeas that above, and said Witnesses:

guiding-collar extended down from said cover GEO. W. REED, into theupper part of said containing vessel, ERNEST W. HEYSINGER.

